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\begin{document}

{\Large\bfseries The Chicago Author-Date Specification}
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This file is intended as a brief introduction to the Chicago
author-date specification (17th ed.) \autocite{chicago:manual} as
implemented by \textsf{biblatex-chicago}, and falls somewhere in
between the \enquote{Quickstart} section of
\textsf{biblatex-chicago.pdf} and the full documentation as presented
in section~5 \cmssecref{cms-sec:authdate} of that same document.  I've
attempted to design this introduction for ease of cross-reference, so
clicking on citations should bring you to the reference list entry,
whence clicking on the entry key in the annotations should present you
with the entry as it appears in the .bib file, where clicking on the
entry type should return you to the reference list.  If you have
questions beyond the scope of this introduction, then the full
documentation is the place to look next --- marginal notes here refer
to section or page numbers there, and if you've installed the package
using the standard \TeX\ Live method then clicking on these marginal
notes should take you to the other document.  If you can't find
answers there, please write to me at the email address in
\textsf{biblatex-chicago.pdf}.

\section{Important note: \textsf{biber}}
\label{bibernote}

Starting with \textsf{biblatex} version 1.5, in order to adhere to the
author-date specification you will need to use \textsf{biber} to
process your .bib files, as \textsc{Bib}\TeX\ (and its more recent
variants) will no longer provide all the features the style requires.
For this release, you really need the current versions of
\textsf{biber} (2.20) and \textsf{biblatex} (3.20), which contain
features and bug-fixes on which my own code relies.  The advice that
follows in this document assumes that you are using \textsf{biber}; if
you wish to continue using \textsc{Bib}\TeX\ then you need
\textsf{biblatex} version 1.4c and \textsf{biblatex-chicago} 0.9.7a.

\section{Editions}
\label{editions}

The 17th edition of \emph{The Chicago Manual of Style} makes fairly
numerous changes to the author-date specification, but many of them
required changes to package code rather than to current .bib
databases.  I have \cmssecref{cms-deprec:obsol} listed elsewhere those
changes that might require attention to your databases, but much of
what follows will involve additions rather than alterations.  This is
true no matter which of the two author-date styles you are using,
\textsf{authordate} or \textsf{authordate-trad}, the latter of which
differs only in the treatment of titles, maintaining the formatting
that was traditional in the \emph{CMS} up to the 15th edition where
many were capitalized sentence-style and those in most un-book-like
entries appeared without quotation marks
\autocite[15.38]{chicago:manual}.  Please consult
\href{file:cms-trad-appendix.pdf}{\textsf{cms-trad-appendix.pdf}} for
notes on the few .bib entries from this introduction that would
require modification for the \texttt{trad} style; for the remainder,
you'll notice a few extra sets of curly braces in various
\textsf{title} fields to make the entry usable in both author-date
styles.

\section{Basic usage: the \cmd{autocite} command}
\label{usage}

As a general rule, you'll probably want to use the \cmd{autocite}
command for most citations.  For most sources, the result will be
exactly as you expect it to be.  A few examples:
\autocite{adorno:benj}; \autocite{ashbrook:brain};
\autocite{babb:peru}; \autocite{barcott:review}.  Any page references
should also appear as you expect: \autocite[338]{batson};
\autocite[79]{beattie:crime}; \autocite[36]{boxer:china}.

\section{Repeated citations}
\label{sec:ibidem}

Repeated citations are somewhat complicated.  The Chicago author-date
style doesn't use \enquote{\emph{Ibid},} but in general a repeated
citation on the same page will print only the page reference:
\autocite{browning:aurora}; \autocite[45]{browning:aurora}.
Technically, this should only occur when a source is cited
\enquote{more than once in one paragraph}
\autocite[15.27]{chicago:manual}, so you can use the \cmd{citereset}
command from \textsf{biblatex} to achieve the greatest compliance, as
the package only offers automatic resetting on part, chapter, section,
and subsection boundaries, while \textsf{biblatex-chicago}
automatically resets the tracker at page breaks:

\citereset\cmd{citereset}\ \autocite[15.27]{chicago:manual}.  If you
are going to repeat a source, make sure that the cite command provides
a postnote --- when using \textsf{biblatex-chicago} you'll no longer
get any annoying empty parentheses, but you will get another standard
citation, which may add too much clutter: \autocite{chicago:manual}.
If you don't need to cite a specific page, then it may be better, or
at least more concise, only to use one citation command rather than
two.

\section{Other citation commands}
\label{sec:other}

The other \cmssecref{cms-sec:cite:authordate} citation commands from
\textsf{biblatex} also work fine:

\cmd{textcite}: \textcite{conley:fifthgrade}; \cmd{autocite*}:
\autocite*{connell:chronic}; \cmd{cite}: \cite{conway:evolution};
\cmd{cite*}: \cite*{davenport:attention}; \cmd{foot\-note} with
\cmd{autocite};\footnote{\autocite{donne:var}.}\ \cmd{footcite}
(=\cmd{cite} inside a \cmd{footnote}).  \footcite{dunn:revolutions}

Multicites should work as you expect, too:

\cmd{autocites}: \autocites{dyna:browser}{eliot:pound};
\cmd{autocites} by the same author:
\autocites{pirumova}{pirumova:russian}; \cmd{autocites} by the same
author with postnotes: \autocites{pirumova}[14]{pirumova:russian};
\cmd{textcites} by the same author with postnotes:
\textcites[37]{pirumova}{pirumova:russian}.

\textsf{Biblatex-chicago} also provides a \cmd{gentextcite} command,
which prints an \gentextcite{author:forthcoming} name in the genitive
case in what is otherwise a standard \cmd{textcite}.  If you want to
change the default -- \textbf{'s} -- printed there you can specify
whatever text you wish like so:
\cmd{gentextcite[<ending>][][]\{entry:key\}}.  There is also a
\cmd{gentextcites} command, modified thus:
\cmd{gentextcites[<ending>]()()[][]\{key1\}\{key2\}}.

\section{Shorthands}
\label{sec:shorthands}

Chicago's author-date style
\cmssecref[shorthand]{cms-sec:ad:shorthand} seems only to recommend
the use of shorthands as abbreviations for long authors' names,
particularly institutional names \autocite[15.37]{chicago:manual}.  By
default, I have followed this recommendation: \cmd{autocites}:
\autocites{bsi:abbreviation}{iso:electrodoc}; \cmd{textcites}:
\textcites{bsi:abbreviation}{iso:electrodoc}.  This \textsf{shorthand}
will by default appear at the head of the entry in the list of
references, followed by the parenthesized expansion of the shorthand,
taken from the \textsf{author} (or possibly the \textsf{organization})
field.  The entry will be alphabetized by the \textsf{shorthand}.  If
you use a \cmd{printbiblist\{shorthand\}} command, the list of
shorthands will still be printed, so you now have a variety of options
available for presenting the expansions depending on your specific
requirements.  Please note, also, that you can get back something
approaching the \enquote{standard} behavior of shorthands if you give
the \texttt{cmslos=false} option to \textsf{biblatex-chicago} in your
document preamble.

\section{Mildly problematic entries: authors and dates}
\label{sec:problematic}

In most \cmssecref[author]{cms-sec:ad:author} entries, the absence of
an author can be supplied by, e.g., an editor or a translator:
\autocite{chaucer:alt}; \autocite{silver:gawain}.  Sometimes an
anonymous work's author is known or can be guessed:
\autocite{horsley:prosodies}; \autocite{cook:sotweed}.  Alternatively,
in some cases the \textsf{title} may appear in place of the
\textsf{author}: \autocite{anon:stanze};
\autocite{virginia:plantation}.  Recent editions are less than
enthusiastic about the use of \enquote{\texttt{Anon.}}\ as author,
unless the title page of the work explicitly so attributes it.

By default, in most \cmssecref[date]{cms-sec:ad:date} entry types, an
absent \textsf{date} will automatically provoke \textsf{biber} into
searching for other sorts of dates in the entry, in the order
\textsf{date, eventdate, origdate, urldate}: e.g.,
\autocite{wikiped:bibtex}, which only has a \textsf{urldate}.  In five
entry types --- \textsf{Music}, \textsf{Review}, \textsf{Standard},
\textsf{SuppPeriodical}, and \textsf{Video} --- this search order is
\textsf{eventdate, origdate, date, urldate}, as in these types the
earliest date should take precedence (cf.\
page~\pageref{sec:audiovisual}, below).  You can also change the
default search order, for all but the five types just mentioned, by
using the \texttt{cmsdate} option in the preamble of your document,
instead of (or in addition to) using it in the \textsf{options} field
of individual entries.  Setting that option in the preamble either to
\enquote{\texttt{both}} or \enquote{\texttt{on}} makes the
document-wide search order: \textsf{origyear, year, eventyear,
  urlyear}.  This may be useful for documents that contain many
entries with multiple dates, and where you want \emph{always} to
present the earlier (i.e., \textsf{orig}) dates at the head of
reference list entries and in citations.  You can eliminate some of
these dates from the running, or change the search order, using the
\cmd{DeclareLabeldate} command in your preamble, but please be aware
that I have hard-coded the possibilities above into the author-date
style in order to cope with some tricky corners of the specification.
If you reorder these dates, and your references enter these tricky
corners, the results might be surprising.  (Cf.\ section~4.5.8 in
\textsf{biblatex.pdf}.)

In all entry types except for \textsf{Misc}, the absence of all four
possible dates will automatically produce
\mbox{\enquote{\texttt{n.d.}\hspace{-2pt}}} instead:
\autocite{bernstein:shostakovich}.  You will see this same string in
entries that only contain a \textsf{urldate}, where that date is an
access date as opposed to, e.g., a revision date provided by the URL
itself, that is, where no \textsf{userd} field has been provided to
change the default string before the date:
\autocite{evanston:library}.  You can also provide
\cmd{bibstring\{nodate\}} yourself in a \textsf{year} field:
\autocite{ross:thesis}.  Uncertain dates or date ranges like decades
and centuries can now be presented using \textsf{biblatex's}
\textsc{iso}8601-2 Extended \cmstabref{cms-ad:date:extras} Format
specification: \autocite{clark:mesopot}.  You can handle forthcoming
works in one of two ways: either by using the \cmd{autocap} macro and
the \textsf{year} (instead of the \textsf{date}) field, or by placing
the exact string \texttt{forthcoming} in the \textsf{pubstate} field.
Either way the word will appear, correctly capitalized, in both
citations and the list of references: \autocite{author:forthcoming};
\autocite{contrib:contrib}.

The rules for entries with more than one date remain unchanged from
the previous edition \autocite[15.40]{chicago:manual}.  First,
\textsf{Music}, \textsf{Review}, and \textsf{Video} entries have their
own rules, which are applied automatically.  (Once again, see
page~\pageref{sec:audiovisual}, below.)  For other entry types, there
are two options, corresponding to two different states of the
\texttt{cmsdate} entry (or preamble) option.  The default is
\texttt{cmsdate=off}: \autocite{maitland:equity}.  Here, setting the
\textsf{pubstate} field to \texttt{reprint} ensures that a notice of
the original publication date will be printed at the end of the
reference list entry.  Alternatively, you can use
\texttt{cmsdate=both}: \autocite{emerson:nature};
\autocite{maitland:canon}.  \texttt{cmsdate=new} and
\texttt{cmsdate=old} are both now synonyms of \texttt{both}, while
\texttt{cmsdate=on} is still available even though it falls outside
the specification: \autocite{james:ambassadors}.  These options, in
combination with others available in your .bib files, can cover a wide
range of difficult cases.  Please see the next section below, and also
the following entries in \textsf{dates-test.bib}:
\autocites{schweitzer:bach}{white:russ}{white:ross:memo}.

\section{Corners of the specification}
\label{sec:corners}

The \emph{Manual} has clarified many parts of the author-date
specification, and by following up on suggestions from the notes \&\
bibliography style one can be reasonably certain about many other
details, but if you interpret the specification differently please let
me know.

\subsection{InReference entries}
\label{sec:inref}

These present \cmssecref[inreference]{cms-sec:ad:inreference} several
peculiarities: the title of the work should always take the place of
any author, citations of non-online sources should include a
publication date, and any postnote field will be enclosed in quotation
marks preceded by \enquote{\texttt{s.v.}\hspace{-2pt}} for
\enquote{\emph{sub verbo}.}  This allows you to refer to alphabetized
articles in well-known reference works: \autocite[Hume,
David]{ency:britannica}; \autocite[Sibelius, Jean]{grove:sibelius};
\autocite[BibTeX]{wikiped:bibtex}.  As this last example shows, you
can also put anything at all into the \textsf{entrysubtype} field to
present, at your discretion, an online reference work more like an
\textsf{Online} entry, that is, with a \textsf{title} in roman rather
than italics.

\subsection{Author-less Article, Review, Manual and Standard
  entries}
\label{sec:authless:art}

In \textsf{Article} and \textsf{Review} entries
\cmssecref[article]{cms-sec:ad:article} with the \texttt{magazine}
entrysubtype, the absence of an author automatically places the
\textsf{journaltitle} of the periodical in citations and at the head
of the entry in the list of references: \autocite{gourmet:052006}.
(Without the entrysubtype, you'll get the \textsf{title} at the head
rather than the \textsf{journaltitle}.)  You can cite newspaper and
magazine articles entirely within the text, i.e., without them
appearing in the reference list \autocite[15.49]{chicago:manual}, if
you set the \texttt{cmsdate=full} entry option:
\autocite{lakeforester:pushcarts}; \autocite{nyt:trevorobit}.  In
\textsf{Manual} and \textsf{Standard} entries, the
\textsf{organization} field does the same: \autocite{dyna:browser}.
If you wish to present an abbreviated form of the organization name in
citations only, then the \textsf{shortauthor} field --- or in other
cases the \textsf{shorthand} field --- is the place for it:
\autocite{niso:bibref}.  For abbreviated \textsf{journaltitles}, you
can use \textsf{shortjournal}, which also allows you, should you wish,
to provide a list of abbreviated journal names with their expansions
using \cmd{printbiblist\{shortjournal\}}: \autocite{unsigned:ranke}.

% \enlargethispage{-\baselineskip}

\subsection{Misc entries with an entrysubtype}
\label{sec:misc}

When citing individual pieces from unpublished archives,
\cmssecref[misc]{cms-sec:ad:misc} letter-like sources will generally
only have an \textsf{origdate} \autocite{creel:house}, while
non-letters, e.g., interviews, use the \textsf{date} field:
\autocite{spock:interview}.  For undated pieces you can put
\cmd{bibstring\{nodate\}} in the \textsf{year} field:
\autocite{dinkel:agassiz}.  For citing whole collections, see the next
section.

\subsection{entrysubtype = \{classical\}}
\label{sec:classical}

This option's \cmssecref[entrysubtype]{cms-sec:ad:entrysubtype} name
derives from its use for citing texts from classical antiquity, though
in the author-date style especially it can be put to use in several
other contexts.  In a nutshell, any entry with such an
\textsf{entrysubtype} will be treated, in citations only, not as
author-date but as author-title, and will also have modified
punctuation before \textsf{postnote} fields.  (Entries in the list of
references, e.g., a particular edition of Aristotle, will still appear
in standard author-date format.)  A \cmd{cite*} or \cmd{autocite*}
command will, in such a case, produce the title rather than the year.
Some examples should make this clearer:

Classical works: without abbreviation:
\autocite{aristotle:metaphy:trans}; with abbreviation:
\autocite{aristotle:metaphy:gr}; \autocite{plato:republic:gr}; using
standard pagination: \autocite*[3.2.996b5--8]{aristotle:metaphy:gr};
\autocite*[420e]{plato:republic:gr}; work cited by page of a modern
edition, i.e., without \textsf{entrysubtype}:
\autocite[198]{euripides:orestes}.

Classical works, with the \texttt{notitle} option:
\autocite[7.1.2]{herodotus:wilson}.

Sacred works, e.g., the Bible and the Qur'an:
\autocite[25:19--36:43]{genesis}.

An unpublished archive, from which more than one work has been cited:
\autocite[file 12]{house:papers}.  (Both this and the previous example
use a \textsf{Misc} entry with \texttt{classical}
\textsf{entrysubtype}.)

Similarly, scientific \cmssecref[dataset]{cms-sec:types:authdate}
databases use the specialized \textsf{Dataset} entry type, and will
generally only have an online access date (\textsf{urldate}), so by
default I set \texttt{authortitle=true} for this type, instead of
using an \textsf{entrysubtype}, to provide author-title citations:
\autocite{nasa:db}.

\subsection{Online sources}
\label{sec:online}

The 17th edition of the \emph{CMS} has greatly enhanced its treatment
of online materials, including blogs, social media, podcasts, and
scientific databases.  Table~2 in \textsf{biblatex-chicago.pdf}
\cmstabref{cms-tab:online:adtypes} summarizes the specification for
you, and there are examples scattered throughout this introduction.
The presentation of online comments (on blogs or social media posts)
warrants extra attention.  As a rule, such material need be presented
only in the text, rather than in the reference list.  You could simply
provide it there by hand, or perhaps as a comment to a citation of the
main blog or post, using the techniques described in the next section.
The \texttt{commenton} \textsf{relatedtype}
\cmssecref{cms-sec:authrelated} allows you to gather all such
references in your .bib file, and attempts to automate as far as
possible the presentation of those references in your document.  In
short, the comment \cmslink{ac:comment} with the \texttt{commenton}
\textsf{relatedtype} can be cited as part of a multicite command like
so: \verb+\autocites{ac:comment}{ellis:blog-customc}+, yielding
\autocites{ac:comment}{ellis:blog-customc}.  The second key given to
the \cmd{autocites} command is a virtual entry, created by
\textsf{biber} in the document .bbl file, and reachable by combining
the key in the \textsf{related} field with the suffix
\texttt{-customc}.  You can, of course, arrange for comments to appear
in the reference list, either using \texttt{commenton} or a more
handcrafted solution, e.g., \autocite{viv:amlen}.

\subsection{Comments inside citations}
\label{sec:comments}

If you wish to include a comment inside the parentheses of a citation,
it will need to be separated by a semicolon
\autocite[15.24]{chicago:manual}.  If you have a \textsf{postnote},
then you can manually provide the punctuation and comment in that
field, e.g., \autocite[4; the unrevised trans.]{stendhal:parma}.
Without a \textsf{postnote}, you have two choices.  You can enable the
\texttt{postnotepunct} package option, which allows you simply to type
\cmd{autocite[; the unrevised trans.]\{stendhal:\\parma\}}
\citereset\autocite[; the unrevised trans.]{stendhal:parma}, or you
can continue to use a separate \textsf{Misc} or \textsf{CustomC} entry
containing just the text of the comment in the \textsf{title} field,
\textsf{entrysubtype} \texttt{classical}, and \textsf{options}
\texttt{skipbib}.  An \cmd{autocites} command calling both the main
text and the comment will then do the trick, e.g.,
\autocites{chicago:manual}{chicago:comment}.

\subsection{Multiple authors}
\label{sec:multiple}

The default settings in \textsf{biblatex-chicago} are
\texttt{maxnames=3,minnames=1} in citations and
\texttt{max\-bibnames=10,minbibnames=7} in the list of references
(these latter parameters set in \textsf{biblatex-chicago.sty}).  In
practice, this means that an entry like hlatky:hrt, with 5 authors,
will present all of them in the list of references but will truncate
to one in citations, like so: \autocite{hlatky:hrt}.  For the vast
majority of circumstances, these settings are exactly right for the
Chicago author-date specification.  However, if \enquote{a reference
  list includes another work \emph{of the same date} that would also
  be abbreviated as [\enquote{Hlatky et al.}] but whose coauthors are
  different persons or listed in a different order, the text citations
  must distinguish between them} \autocite[15.29]{chicago:manual}.
The (\textsf{biber}-only) \textsf{biblatex} option
\texttt{uniquelist}, set for you in \textsf{biblatex-chicago.sty},
will automatically handle many of these situations for you, but it is
as well to understand that it does so by temporarily suspending the
limits, listed above, on how many names to print in a citation.
Without \texttt{uniquelist}, \textsf{biblatex} would present such a
work as, e.g., (Hlatky et al. 2002b), while hlatky:hrt would be
(Hlatky et al. 2002a).  This does distinguish between them, but
inaccurately, as it suggests that the two different author lists are
exactly the same.  With \texttt{uniquelist}, the two citations might
look like (Hlatky, Boothroyd et al.\ 2002) and (Hlatky, Smith et al.\
2002), which is what the specification requires.

If, however, the distinguishing name occurs further down the author
list --- in fourth or fifth position in our examples --- then the
default settings would produce citations with all 4 or 5 names
printed, which can become awkwardly long.  In such a situation, you
can provide \textsf{shortauthor} fields that look like this:
\{\{Hlatky et al., \textbackslash mkbibquote\{Quality of Life,\}\}\}
and \{\{Hlatky et al., \textbackslash mkbibquote\{Depressive
Symptoms,\}\}\}, using a shortened title to distinguish the
references.  This would produce (Hlatky et al., \enquote{Quality of
  Life,} 2002) and (Hlatky et al., \enquote{Depressive Symptoms,}
2002), as the spec recommends.  There is, unfortunately, no simpler
way that I know of to deal with this situation.

\subsection{Audiovisual entries}
\label{sec:audiovisual}

The \emph{Manual} \cmssecref{cms-sec:ad:avdate} acknowledges that most
audio-visual material will be cited via a digital copy, but suggests
that \enquote{it is generally useful to give information about the
  original source,} and also that \enquote{the date of the original
  recording should be privileged in the citation}
\autocite[15.57]{chicago:manual}.  The more book-like entries, like
published (\textsf{Audio}) and unpublished (\textsf{Misc}) scores, are
straightforward: \autocite{schubert:muellerin};
\autocite{verdi:corsaro}; \autocite{shapey:partita}.  Efforts should
be made to provide a date beyond the access date for online materials:
\autocite{coolidge:speech}; \autocite{horowitz:youtube};
\autocite{pollan:plant}.  So too for \textsf{Music} and \textsf{Video}
entries, where recording or broadcast dates are generally preferred;
\autocite{auden:reading}; \autocite{friends:leia};
\autocite{handel:messiah}; \autocite{holiday:fool};
\autocite{nytrumpet:art}.  Others perhaps require further information
in the entry or genuinely are better suited to presentation in running
text: \autocite{beethoven:sonata29}.  The standard \textsf{biblatex}
tools for subdividing reference lists are all available if you want to
follow the \emph{Manual's} recommendations on presenting this kind of
material separately from other sources.

\subsection{Related entries}
\label{sec:related}

\textsf{Biblatex} provides \cmssecref{cms-sec:authrelated} a powerful
mechanism, using the \textsf{related} field, for grouping two (or
more) works together in a single entry in the list of references,
while \textsf{biblatex-chicago} offers both this functionality and
some Chicago-specific variants which employ different means.  You can
find a full discussion of this in \textsf{biblatex-chicago.pdf}, but a
few of the entries already cited in this introduction show some of the
possibilities: \autocites{ac:comment}{ellis:blog-customc};
\autocite{aristotle:metaphy:trans}; \autocite{coolidge:speech};
\autocite{emerson:nature}; \autocite{schweitzer:bach}.

\section*{In conclusion}
\label{sec:conclude}

Allow me, finally, to emphasize just how multifarious are the sources
illustrated in the \emph{CMS}, only a small selection of which have
appeared in this introduction.  You will find significantly fuller
guidance in \textsf{biblatex.pdf} and \textsf{biblatex-chicago.pdf},
but the \emph{CMS} itself defines the specification and shall
arbitrate all disputes.  If you see something in
\textsf{biblatex-chicago} that looks wrong to you, or if the
documentation has left you perplexed, please let me know.

\nocite{amlen:hoot}
\printbibliography[title=References]
\setlength{\textheight}{10.5in}
\twocolumn[\Large \texttt{The Database File}]
\vspace*{-6pt}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=prologue]
%% Database entries used to produce
%% citations in this file, taken
%% from dates-test.bib. I have
%% removed the annotations to save
%% room -- you can click on
%% the entry type to return to the
%% reference list entry, where you'll
%% also find the annotations. You can
%% click on text with a grey back-
%% ground to switch to that entry
%% within this .bib listing. Through-
%% out this listing you'll see curly
%% braces around parts of titles and
%% subtitles, which allow the entry
%% to work equally well in authordate
%% and authordate-trad.

@String{cup = {Cambridge University Press}}
@String{hup = {Harvard University Press}}
@String{uchp = {University of Chicago Press}}
@String{oup = {Oxford University Press}}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=ac:comment]
*\adlnbackref{Review}{ac:comment}[ellis:blog]*,
  entrysubtype = {magazine},
  author = 	 {AC},
  eventdate = 	 {2008-07-01T10:18:00},
  related = 	 *\hyperlink{\getrefbykeydefault%
{ellis:blog}{anchor}{}}{\{\colorbox{Gainsboro}{ellis:blog}\}}*,
  relatedtype =  {commenton}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=adorno:benj]
*\adlnbackref{Book}{adorno:benj}*,
  title = 	 {The Complete Correspondence, 1928--1940},
  publisher = 	 hup,
  year = 	 1999,
  author = 	 {Adorno, Theodor~W. and Benjamin, Walter},
  editor = 	 {Lonitz, Henri},
  translator = 	 {Nicholas Walker},
  location =     {Cambridge, MA}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=amlen:hoot]
*\adlnbackref{Article}{amlen:hoot}*,
  author = 	 {Amlen, Deb},
  title = 	 {One Who Gives a Hoot},
  journaltitle = {Wordplay},
  entrysubtype = {magazine},
  maintitle = 	 {New York Times},
  location = 	 {blog},
  date = 	 {2015-01-26},
  url = 	 {http://wordplay.blogs
      .nytimes.com/2015/01/26
      /one-who-gives-a-hoot/}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=anon:stanze]
*\adlnbackref{Book}{anon:stanze}*,
  title = 	 {Stanze in lode della donna brutta},
  date = 	 1547,
  address = 	 {Florence},
  shorttitle = 	 {Stanze}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=aristotle:metaphy:gr]
*\adlnbackref{Book}{aristotle:metaphy:gr}[aristotle:metaphy:trans]*,
  shorttitle = 	 {Metaph\adddot},
  title = 	 {Metaphysics},
  options = 	 {skipbib},
  entrysubtype = {classical},
  origdate = 	 1924,
  date =         1997,
  author = 	 {Aristotle},
  editor = 	 {Ross, W.~D.},
  publisher =    {Oxford Univ.\ Press and Sandpiper Books},
  pubstate = 	 {reprint},
  volumes = 	 2,
  location =     {Oxford}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=aristotle:metaphy:trans]
*\adlnbackref{Book}{aristotle:metaphy:trans}*,
  title = 	 {Metaphysica},
  entrysubtype = {classical},
  year = 	 1928,
  volume = 	 8,
  author = 	 {Aristotle},
  editor = 	 {Ross, W.~D.},
  nameb = 	 {Ross, W.~D.},
  origlanguage = {greek},
  userf = 	 *\hyperlink{\getrefbykeydefault%
{aristotle:metaphy:gr}{anchor}{}}%
{\{\colorbox{Gainsboro}{aristotle:metaphy:gr}\}}*,
  maintitle = 	 {The Works of {Aristotle}, Translated into {English}},
  publisher =    {Clarendon Press},
  edition = 	 2,
  location =     {Oxford}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=ashbrook:brain]
*\adlnbackref{InBook}{ashbrook:brain}*,
  author = 	 {Ashbrook, James~B. and Albright, Carol Rausch},
  title = 	 {The Frontal Lobes, Intending, and a Purposeful God},
  booktitle = 	 {The Humanizing Brain},
  publisher =    {Pilgrim Press},
  year = 	 1997,
  chapter = 	 7,
  location =     {Cleveland, OH}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=auden:reading]
*\adlnbackref{Music}{auden:reading}*,
  title = 	 {Selected Poems},
  author = 	 {Auden, W. H.},
  date = 	 {1991},
  number = 	 7137,
  series = 	 {Spoken Arts},
  type = 	 {audiocassette},
  note = 	 {read by the author}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=author:forthcoming]
*\adlnbackref{Article}{author:forthcoming}*,
  author = 	 {Author, Margaret~M.},
  title = 	 {Article Title},
  journaltitle = {Journal Name},
  pubstate = 	 {forthcoming},
  volume = 	 98
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=babb:peru]
*\adlnbackref{Book}{babb:peru}*,
  title = 	 {Between Field and Cooking Pot},
  subtitle = 	 {The Political Economy of Marketwomen in {Peru}},
  year = 	 1989,
  author = 	 {Babb, Florence},
  publisher =    {University of Texas Press},
  edition = 	 {\bibstring{revisededition}},
  location =     {Austin}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=barcott:review]
*\adlnbackref{Review}{barcott:review}*,
  journaltitle = {New York Times Book Review},
  author =	 {Barcott, Bruce},
  date = 	 {2000-04-16},
  entrysubtype = {magazine},
  title =	 {\bibstring{reviewof} \mkbibemph{The Last Marlin: The Story of a Family at Sea}, \bibstring{by} Fred Waitzkin},
  pages =	 7
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=batson]
*\adlnbackref{Article}{batson}*,
  author =	 {Batson, C.~Daniel},
  title =	 {How Social Is the Animal?},
  subtitle =     {The Human Capacity for Caring},
  journaltitle = {American Psychologist},
  volume =	 45,
  date = 	 {1990-03},
  pages =	 {336--346}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=beattie:crime]
*\adlnbackref{Article}{beattie:crime}*,
  author = 	 {Beattie, J.~M.},
  title = 	 {The Pattern of Crime in {England}, 1660--1800},
  journaltitle = {Past and Present},
  year = 	 1974,
  number = 	 62,
  pages = 	 {47--95}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=beethoven:sonata29]
*\adlnbackref{Music}{beethoven:sonata29}*,
  title = 	 {Piano Sonata \bibstring{number} 29 \mkbibquote{Hammerklavier}},
  author = 	 {Beethoven},
  editor = 	 {Peter Serkin},
  editortype = 	 {none},
  number = 	 {CDD 270},
  series = 	 {Proarte Digital}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=bernstein:shostakovich]
*\adlnbackref{Music}{bernstein:shostakovich}*,
  title = 	 {Symphony \bibstring{number} 5},
  author = 	 {Shostakovich, Dmitri},
  editor = 	 {Bernstein, Leonard},
  editortype = 	 {conductor},
  editora = 	 {{New York Philharmonic}},
  editoratype =  {none},
  number = 	 {IM 35854},
  series = 	 {CBS},
  options = 	 {useauthor=false}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=boxer:china]
*\adlnbackref{Book}{boxer:china}*,
  title = 	 {South {China} in the Sixteenth Century},
  year = 	 1953,
  editor = 	 {Boxer, Charles~R.},
  number = 	 {2nd ser., 106},
  series = 	 {Hakluyt Society Publications},
  location =  {London}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=browning:aurora]
*\adlnbackref{Book}{browning:aurora}*,
  title =	 {{Aurora Leigh}},
  subtitle =	 {Authoritative Text, Backgrounds and Contexts, Criticism},
  year =	 1996,
  author =	 {Browning, Elizabeth Barrett},
  editor =	 {Reynolds, Margaret},
  publisher =	 {Norton},
  series =	 {Norton Critical Editions},
  location =	 {New York}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=bsi:abbreviation]
*\adlnbackref{Manual}{bsi:abbreviation}*,
  title = 	 {Specification for Abbreviation of Title Words and Titles of Publications},
  date = 	 1985,
  organization = {British Standards Institute},
  address = 	 {Linford Woods, Milton Keynes, UK},
  shorthand = 	 {BSI}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=chaucer:alt]
*\adlnbackref{Book}{chaucer:alt}*,
  title = 	 {Chaucer Life-Records},
  year = 	 1966,
  editor = 	 {Crow, Martin~M. and Olson, Clair~C.},
  namec = 	 {Manly, John~M. and Richert, Edith},
  publisher = oup,
  note = 	 {with the assistance of Lilian~J. Redstone and others},
  location =  {London}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=chicago:comment]
*\adlnbackref{CustomC}{chicago:comment}[chicago:manual]*,
  title = 	 {the most recent edition},
  entrysubtype = {classical},
  options = 	 {skipbib},
  annotation = 	 {An example of how to use a CustomC entry to insert a comment inside another parenthetical citation.}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=chicago:manual]
*\adlnbackref{Book}{chicago:manual}*,
  title = 	 {The {Chicago} Manual of Style},
  year = 	 2017,
  author = 	 {{University of Chicago Press}},
  shortauthor =  {\mkbibemph{CMS}},
  publisher =    uchp,
  edition = 	 17,
  location =     {Chicago}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=clark:mesopot]
*\adlnbackref{Booklet}{clark:mesopot}*,
  title = 	 {Mesopotamia},
  subtitle = 	 {Between Two Rivers},
  author = 	 {Hazel V. Clark},
  howpublished = {End of the Commons General Store},
  date = 	 {1957?},
  location =     {Mesopotamia, OH}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=conley:fifthgrade]
*\adlnbackref{Article}{conley:fifthgrade}*,
  author =	 {Conley, Alice},
  title =	 {Fifth-Grade Boys' Decisions about Participation in Sports Activities},
  issuetitle =	 {Non-subject-matter Outcomes of Schooling},
  journaltitle = {Elementary School Journal},
  note = 	 {special issue},
  year =	 1999,
  volume =	 99,
  editor =       {Good, Thomas~L.},
  number =	 5,
  pages =	 {131--146}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=connell:chronic]
*\adlnbackref{Article}{connell:chronic}*,
  author = 	 {Connell, A.~D. and Airey, D.~D.},
  title = 	 {The Chronic Effects of Fluoride on the Estuarine Amphipods \mkbibemph{Grandidierella lutosa} and \mkbibemph{G. lignorum}},
  journaltitle = {Water Research},
  date = 	 1982,
  volume = 	 16,
  pages = 	 {1313--1317}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=contrib:contrib]
*\adlnbackref{InCollection}{contrib:contrib}*,
  author = 	 {Contributor, Anna},
  title = 	 {Contribution},
  booktitle = 	 {Edited Volume},
  publisher = {Publisher},
  year = 	 {\autocap{f}orthcoming},
  editor = 	 {Editor, Ellen},
  location =  {Place}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=conway:evolution]
*\adlnbackref{Article}{conway:evolution}*,
  author = 	 {Conway, M.~S.},
  title = 	 {The Evolution of Diversity in Ancient Ecosystems},
  subtitle = 	 {A Review},
  journaltitle = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society},
  date = 	 1998,
  volume = 	 {B 353},
  pages = 	 {327--345}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=cook:sotweed]
*\adlnbackref{Book}{cook:sotweed}*,
  title = 	 {Sotweed Redivivus, or The Planter's Looking-Glass},
  year = 	 1730,
  author = 	 {Cook, Ebenezer},
  authortype = 	 {anon?},
  note = 	 {\bibstring{by} \mkbibquote{E.~C. Gent}},
  location =  {Annapolis}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=coolidge:speech]
*\adlnbackref{Online}{coolidge:speech}*,
  author = 	 {Coolidge, Calvin},
  title = 	 {Equal Rights},
  note = 	 {copy of an undated 78 rpm disc, 3:45},
  options = 	 {ptitleaddon=space},
  titleaddon = 	 {(speech)},
  related = 	 *\hyperlink{\getrefbykeydefault%
{loc:leaders}{anchor}{}}{\{\colorbox{Gainsboro}{loc:leaders}\}}*,
  date = 	 {1920~},
  relatedstring = {in}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=creel:house]
*\adlnbackref{Misc}{creel:house}*,
  author = 	 {Creel, George},
  entrysubtype = {letter},
  title = 	 {George Creel to Colonel House},
  note = 	 {Edward~M. House Papers},
  origdate = 	 {1918-09-25},
  organization =  {Yale University Library}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=davenport:attention]
*\adlnbackref{Book}{davenport:attention}*,
  title =	 {The Attention Economy},
  subtitle =	 {Understanding the New Currency of Business},
  year =	 2001,
  author =	 {Davenport, Thomas~H. and Beck, John~C.},
  publisher =	 {Harvard Business School Press},
  addendum =	 {TK3 Reader e-book},
  location =	 {Cambridge, MA}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=dinkel:agassiz]
*\adlnbackref{Misc}{dinkel:agassiz}*,
  author = 	 {Dinkel, Joseph},
  title = 	 {description of Louis Agassiz written at the request of Elizabeth Cary Agassiz},
  year = 	 {\bibstring{nodate}},
  entrysubtype = {yes},
  note = 	 {Agassiz Papers},
  location =     {Harvard University},
  organization = {Houghton Library}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=donne:var]
*\adlnbackref{Book}{donne:var}*,
  author =	 {Donne, John},
  editor =	 {Stringer, Gary~A.},
  title =	 {The \mkbibquote{Anniversaries} and the \mkbibquote{Epicedes and Obsequies}},
  namea =	 {Stringer, Gary~A. and Pebworth, Ted-Larry},
  publisher =	 {Indiana Univ. Press},
  maintitle =	 {The Variorum Edition of the Poetry of {John Donne}},
  year =	 1995,
  volume =	 6,
  location =	 {Bloomington}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=dunn:revolutions]
*\adlnbackref{Book}{dunn:revolutions}*,
  title = 	 {Sister Revolutions},
  subtitle = 	 {French Lightning, {American} Light},
  year = 	 1999,
  author = 	 {Dunn, Susan},
  publisher = {Faber \& Faber and Farrar, Straus \& Giroux},
  location =  {New York}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=dyna:browser]
*\adlnbackref{Manual}{dyna:browser}*,
  title = 	 {Dynatext, Electronic Book Indexer/Browser},
  organization = {Electronic Book Technology Inc.},
  address = 	 {Providence, RI},
  year = 	 1991
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=eliot:pound]
*\adlnbackref{Book}{eliot:pound}*,
  title = 	 {Literary Essays},
  options =      {useauthor=false},
  year = 	 1953,
  author = 	 {Pound, Ezra},
  editor =       {Eliot, T.~S.},
  publisher =    {New Directions},
  location =     {New York}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=ellis:blog]
*\adlnbackref{Article}{ellis:blog}*,
  author = 	 {Ellis, Rhian},
  title = 	 {Squatters' Rights},
  journaltitle = {Ward Six},
  location = 	 {blog},
  date = 	 {2008-06-30},
  url = 	 {http://wardsix.blogspot.com
      /2008/06/squatters-rights.html},
  entrysubtype = {magazine}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=emerson:nature]
*\adlnbackref{Book}{emerson:nature}*,
  title =	 {Nature},
  year =	 1985,
  origdate =	 1836,
  location = 	 {Boston},
  options = 	 {cmsdate=old},
  author =	 {Emerson, Ralph Waldo},
  publisher = 	 {Beacon},
  note = 	 {a facsimile of the first \bibstring{edition} with an \bibstring{introduction} by Jaroslav Pelikan}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=ency:britannica]
*\adlnbackref{InReference}{ency:britannica}*,
  title =        {Encyclopaedia Britannica},
  date =         {1980},
  edition =      {15},
  shorttitle = 	 {Ency. {Brit}., \mkbibemph{15th ed}\adddot},
  options =      {hypertitle}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=euripides:orestes]
*\adlnbackref{BookInBook}{euripides:orestes}*,
  title = 	 {Orestes},
  year = 	 1958,
  booktitle = 	 {Euripides},
  maintitle = 	 {The Complete {Greek} Tragedies},
  nameb = 	 {Arrowsmith, William},
  volume = 	 4,
  author = 	 {Euripides},
  editor = 	 {Grene, David and Lattimore, Richmond},
  publisher =    uchp,
  pages = 	 {185--288},
  location =     {Chicago}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=evanston:library]
*\adlnbackref{Online}{evanston:library}*,
  author = 	 {{Evanston Public Library Board of Trustees}},
  shortauthor = {{Evanston Public Library}},
  title = 	 {Evanston Public Library Strategic Plan, 2000--2010},
  subtitle = 	 {A Decade of Outreach},
  organization = {Evanston Public Library},
  url = 	 {http://www.epl.org/library /strategic-plan-00.html},
  urldate = 	 {2002-07-18}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=friends:leia]
*\adlnbackref{Video}{friends:leia}*,
  title = 	 {The One with the {Princess Leia} Fantasy},
  date = 	 2003,
  booktitle = 	 {Friends},
  booktitleaddon = {season~3, episode~1},
  author = 	 {Curtis, Michael and Malins, Gregory~S.},
  eventdate = 	 {1996-09-19},
  editor = 	 {Mancuso, Gail},
  editortype = 	 {director},
  publisher =    {Warner Home Video},
  type = 	 {DVD},
  address = 	 {Burbank, CA}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=genesis]
*\adlnbackref{Misc}{genesis}*,
  shorttitle = 	 {Gen\adddot},
  entrysubtype = {classical},
  keywords = 	 {nosample},
  title = 	 {Genesis}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=gourmet:052006]
*\adlnbackref{Review}{gourmet:052006}*,
  journaltitle = {Gourmet},
  entrysubtype = {magazine},
  date = 	 {2000-05},
  title =        {Kitchen {Notebook}}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=grove:sibelius]
*\adlnbackref{InReference}{grove:sibelius}*,
  title = 	 {The New {Grove} Dictionary of Music and Musicians},
  author = 	 {Hepokoski, James},
  shorttitle = 	 {New {Grove} Dict\adddot},
  lista =        {Sibelius, Jean},
  url = 	 {http://www.grovemusic.com/},
  urldate = 	 {2002-01-03},
  sortkey = 	 {New Grove}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=handel:messiah]
*\adlnbackref{Video}{handel:messiah}*,
  title = 	 {Messiah},
  date = 	 {1988},
  eventdate = 	 {1987-12-19},
  userd = 	 {performed},
  type = 	 {videocassette (VHS), 141 min\adddot},
  editor = 	 {{Atlanta Symphony Orchestra and Chamber Chorus}},
  editortype = 	 {none},
  editora = 	 {Shaw, Robert},
  editoratype =  {none},
  author = 	 {Handel, George Frederic},
  publisher =    {Video Artists International},
  address = 	 {Ansonia Station, NY}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=herodotus:wilson]
*\adlnbackref{Book}{herodotus:wilson}*,
  author = 	 {Herodotus},
  title = 	 {Historiae},
  date = 	 {2015},
  shortauthor =  {Hdt\adddot},
  entrysubtype = {classical},
  editor = 	 {Wilson, N.~G\adddot},
  options = 	 {notitle},
  volumes = 	 2,
  series = 	 {Oxford Classical Texts},
  publisher = {Clarendon Press},
  location =  {Oxford}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=hlatky:hrt]
*\adlnbackref{Article}{hlatky:hrt}*,
  author =	 {Hlatky, Mark~A. and Boothroyd, Derek and Vittinghoff, Eric and Sharp, Penny and Whooley, Mary~A.},
  title =	 {Quality-of-Life and Depressive Symptoms in Postmenopausal Women after Receiving Hormone Therapy},
  subtitle =	 {Results from the {Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS)} Trial},
  journaltitle = {Journal of the American Medical Association},
  date = 	 {2002-02-06},
  volume =	 287,
  number =	 5,
  url =   {http://jama.ama-assn.org/issues /v287n5/rfull/joc10108.html#aainfo},
  urldate =	 {2002-01-07}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=holiday:fool]
*\adlnbackref{Music}{holiday:fool}*,
  title = 	 {I'm a Fool to Want You},
  eventdate = 	 {1958-02-20},
  date = 	 {1960},
  booktitle = 	 {Lady in Satin},
  author = 	 {Herron, Joel and Sinatra, Frank and Wolf, Jack},
  editor = 	 {Holiday, Billie},
  editortype = 	 {vocalist},
  number = 	 {CL 1157},
  publisher =    {Columbia},
  type = 	 {33\onethird\ rpm},
  note = 	 {with Ray Ellis},
  options = 	 {useauthor=false}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=horowitz:youtube]
*\adlnbackref{Online}{horowitz:youtube}*,
  title = 	 {{HOROWITZ AT CARNEGIE HALL} 2-{Chopin Nocturne} in Fm Op.55},
  organization = {YouTube video, 5:53},
  url = 	 {http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=cDVBtuWkMS8},
  urldate = 	 {2009-01-09},
  userd = 	 {posted by \mkbibquote{hubanj,}},
  note = 	 {from a performance televised by CBS on\nopunct},
  date = 	 {1968-09-22},
  shorttitle =   {HOROWITZ}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=horsley:prosodies]
*\adlnbackref{Book}{horsley:prosodies}*,
  title =	 {On the Prosodies of the {Greek and Latin} Languages},
  year =	 1796,
  author =	 {Horsley, Samuel},
  authortype =	 {anon}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=house:papers]
*\adlnbackref{Misc}{house:papers}*,
  author = 	 {House, Edward~M\adddot\addcomma},
  title = 	 {Papers},
  note = 	 {Yale University Library},
  entrysubtype = {classical}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=iso:electrodoc]
*\adlnbackref{Standard}{iso:electrodoc}*,
  title = 	 {Information and Documentation---Rules for the
        Abbreviation of Title Words and Titles of Publications},
  date = 	 1997,
  author = 	 {{International Organization for Standardization}},
  shorthand =    {ISO},
  series =       {ISO},
  number =       {4:1997},
  publisher =  	 {ISO},
  address = 	 {Paris}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=james:ambassadors]
*\adlnbackref{Book}{james:ambassadors}*,
  title = 	 {The Ambassadors},
  year = 	 1996,
  origdate = 	 1909,
  options = 	 {cmsdate=on},
  author = 	 {James, Henry},
  publisher =    {Project Gutenberg},
  url = 	 {ftp://ibiblio.org/pub/docs
     /books/gutenberg/etext96/ambas10.txt}
}
\end{lstlisting}%\clearpage
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=lakeforester:pushcarts]
*\adlnbackref{Article}{lakeforester:pushcarts}*,
  journaltitle = {Lake Forester},
  date = 	 {2000-03-23},
  entrysubtype = {magazine},
  title = 	 {Pushcarts Evolve to Trendy Kiosks},
  options = 	 {cmsdate=full},
  location =     {Lake Forest, IL}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=loc:leaders]
*\adlnbackref{Online}{loc:leaders}[coolidge:speech]*,
  organization = {Library of Congress},
  title = 	 {American Leaders Speak},
  subtitle = 	 {Recordings from {World War I} and the 1920 Election, 1918--1920},
  url = 	 {http://memory.loc.gov/ammem /nfhtml/},
  note = 	 {RealAudio and WAV formats}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=maitland:canon]
*\adlnbackref{Book}{maitland:canon}*,
  title = 	 {Roman canon law in the {Church of England}},
  date = 	 1998,
  origdate = 	 1898,
  author = 	 {Maitland, Frederic W.},
  publisher = {Lawbook Exchange},
  address = 	 {Union, NJ},
  options = 	 {cmsdate=new},
  pubstate = 	 {reprint}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=maitland:equity]
*\adlnbackref{Book}{maitland:equity}*,
  title = 	 {Equity, also the Forms of Action at Common Law},
  subtitle = 	 {Two Courses of Lectures},
  date = 	 1926,
  origdate = 	 1909,
  author = 	 {Maitland, Frederic W.},
  editor = 	 {Chaytor, A.~H. and others},
  publisher =    cup,
  address = 	 {Cambridge},
  pubstate = 	 {reprint},
  sortyear = 	 {2010}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=nasa:db]
*\adlnbackref{Dataset}{nasa:db}*,
  author = 	 {{NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database}},
  title = 	 {object name IRAS F00400+4059},
  url = 	 {http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu},
  urldate = 	 {2016-04-06}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=niso:bibref]
*\adlnbackref{Standard}{niso:bibref}*,
  title = 	 {Bibliographic References},
  organization = {National Information Standards Organization},
  userd = 	 {approved},
  howpublished = {reaffirmed},
  eventdate =    {2010-05-13},
  date = 	 {2005-06-09},
  series = 	 {ANSI/NISO},
  number =       {Z39.29-2005},
  publisher =    {NISO},
  shorthand =    {NISO},
  location =     {Bethesda, MD}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=nytrumpet:art]
*\adlnbackref{Music}{nytrumpet:art}*,
  title = 	 {Art of the Trumpet},
  date = 	 1982,
  origdate = 	 {1981-06-01/1981-06-02},
  author = 	 {{New York Trumpet Ensemble, with Edward Carroll (trumpet) and Edward Brewer (organ)}},
  shortauthor =  {{New York Trumpet Ensemble}},
  number = 	 {PVT 7183},
  series = 	 {Vox/Turnabout},
  userd = 	 {recorded at the Madeira Festival,},
  type = 	 {compact disc}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=nyt:trevorobit]
*\adlnbackref{Review}{nyt:trevorobit}*,
  journaltitle = {New York Times},
  entrysubtype = {magazine},
  date = 	 {2000-04-10},
  title =        {obituary of {Claire Trevor}},
  options = 	 {cmsdate=full},
  pages = 	 {national edition}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=pirumova]
*\adlnbackref{Book}{pirumova}*,
  author =	 {Pirumova, N.~M.},
  title =	 {The Zemstvo Liberal Movement},
  subtitle =	 {Its Social Roots and Evolution to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century},
  publisher =	 {Izdatel'stvo \mkbibquote{Nauka}},
  year =	 1977,
  language =	 {russian},
  location =	 {Moscow}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=pirumova:russian]
*\adlnbackref{Book}{pirumova:russian}*,
  title = 	 {Zemskoe liberal'noe dvizhenie},
  subtitle = 	 {Sotsial'nye korni i evoliutsiia do nachala XX veka},
  date = 	 1977,
  usere = 	 {The zemstvo liberal movement: Its social roots and evolution to the beginning of the twentieth century},
  langid =       {russian},
  author = 	 {Pirumova, N.~M.},
  publisher =    {Izdatel'stvo \mkbibquote{Nauka}},
  address = 	 {Moscow}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=plato:republic:gr]
*\adlnbackref{BookInBook}{plato:republic:gr}*,
  title = 	 {Republic},
  shorttitle = 	 {Resp\adddot},
  entrysubtype = {classical},
  year = 	 1902,
  volume = 	 4,
  author = 	 {Plato},
  editor = 	 {Burnet, J.},
  shortauthor =  {Pl\adddot},
  booktitle = 	 {{Clitophon, Republic, Timaeus, Critias}},
  maintitle = 	 {Opera},
  publisher =    {Clarendon Press},
  series =       {Oxford Classical Texts},
  pages = 	 {327--621},
  location =     {Oxford}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=pollan:plant]
*\adlnbackref{Online}{pollan:plant}*,
  author = 	 {Pollan, Michael},
  title = 	 {Michael {Pollan} Gives a Plant's-Eye View},
  organization = {TED video, 17:31},
  url = 	 {http://www.ted.com/index.php
      /talks/michael_pollan_gives_a _plant_s_eye_view.html},
  note =         {filmed in\nopunct},
  urldate = 	 {2008-02},
  date = 	 {2007-03},
  userd = 	 {posted}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=ross:thesis]
*\adlnbackref{MastersThesis}{ross:thesis}*,
  author = 	 {Ross, Dorothy},
  title = 	 {The {Irish-Catholic} Immigrant, 1880--1900},
  subtitle = 	 {A Study in Social Mobility},
  school = 	 {Columbia University},
  year = 	 {\bibstring{nodate}}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=schubert:muellerin]
*\adlnbackref{Audio}{schubert:muellerin}*,
  title = 	 {{Das Wandern (Wandering)}},
  date = 	 1895,
  booktitle = 	 {{Die sch\"one M\"ullerin} ({The} Maid of the Mill)},
  maintitleaddon = {(for high voice)},
  maintitle = 	 {First Vocal Album},
  options = 	 {ctitleaddon=space},
  author = 	 {Schubert, Franz},
  publisher =    {G.~Schirmer},
  address = 	 {New York}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=schweitzer:bach]
*\adlnbackref{Book}{schweitzer:bach}*,
  title = 	 {{J. S. Bach}},
  origdate = 	 1966,
  date = 	 1911,
  author = 	 {Schweitzer, Albert},
  origlocation = {London},
  origpublisher = {Breitkopf \&\ H*\"a*rtel},
  addendum = 	 {Citations refer to the Dover edition},
  options = 	 {cmsdate=both},
  translator = 	 {Newman, Ernest},
  publisher =    {Dover},
  pubstate = 	 {reprint},
  location =     {New York}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=shapey:partita]
*\adlnbackref{Misc}{shapey:partita}*,
  author = 	 {Shapey, Ralph},
  title = 	 {\mkbibquote{Partita for Violin and Thirteen Players}},
  titleaddon = 	 {score},
  entrysubtype = {music},
  date = 	 1966,
  note = 	 {Special Collections},
  organization = {Joseph Regenstein Library},
  institution =  {University of Chicago}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=silver:gawain]
*\adlnbackref{Book}{silver:gawain}*,
  title = 	 {Sir {Gawain} and the {Green Knight}},
  publisher = 	 uchp,
  year = 	 1974,
  translator = 	 {Silverstein, Theodore},
  location =     {Chicago}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=spock:interview]
*\adlnbackref{Misc}{spock:interview}*,
  author = 	 {Spock, Benjamin},
  entrysubtype = {letter},
  title = 	 {interview by Milton J. E. Senn},
  date = 	 {1974-11-20},
  note = 	 {interview 67A, transcript},
  organization = {Senn Oral History Collection},
  institution =  {National Library of Medicine},
  location =     {Bethesda, MD}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=stendhal:parma]
*\adlnbackref{Book}{stendhal:parma}*,
  title = 	 {The Charterhouse of {Parma}},
  date = 	 1925,
  author = 	 {Stendhal},
  nameaddon = 	 {Marie Henri Beyle},
  publisher =    {Boni \& Liveright},
  address = 	 {New York},
  translator = 	 {Scott-Moncrieff, C.~K.}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=unsigned:ranke]
*\adlnbackref{Review}{unsigned:ranke}*,
  journaltitle = {Erg*\"a*nzungsbl*\"a*tter zur Allgemeinen Literatur-Zeitung},
  entrysubtype = {magazine},
  date = 	 {1828-02},
  title =	 {unsigned review of \mkbibemph{Geschichten der romanischen und germanischen V*\"o*lker}, by {Leopold von Ranke}},
  number =	 {23--24},
  shortjournal = {Erg*\"a*nzungsbl*\"a*tter z. Allg. Lit.-Ztg.}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=verdi:corsaro]
*\adlnbackref{Audio}{verdi:corsaro}*,
  title = 	 {Il corsaro (melodramma tragico \mkbibemph{in three acts})},
  editortype = 	 {libretto by},
  editor =       {Piave, Francesco Maria},
  date = 	 1998,
  author = 	 {Verdi, Giuseppe},
  editor = 	 {Hudson, Elizabeth},
  number = 	 {\bibstring{jourser} 1, Operas},
  series = 	 {The Works of Giuseppe Verdi},
  publisher =    {University of Chicago Press; Milan: G.\ Ricordi},
  volumes = 	 2,
  address = 	 {Chicago}
}
\end{lstlisting}%\clearpage
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=virginia:plantation]
*\adlnbackref{Book}{virginia:plantation}*,
  title =	 {A True and Sincere Declaration of the Purpose and Ends of the Plantation Begun in {Virginia}, of the Degrees Which It Hath Received, and Means by Which It Hath Been Advanced},
  location = 	 {London},
  sorttitle = 	 {True and Sincere},
  shorttitle = 	 {True and Sincere Declaration},
  year = 	 1610
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=viv:amlen]
*\adlnbackref{Review}{viv:amlen}*,
  author = 	 {Viv},
  entrysubtype = {magazine},
  title = 	 {comment on Amlen, \mkbibquote{Hoot}},
  nameaddon = 	 {(Jerusalem, Isr.)},
  crossref = 	 {amlen:hoot},
  eventdate = 	 {2015-01-27}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=white:ross:memo]
*\adlnbackref{Letter}{white:ross:memo}*,
  author = 	 {White, E.~B.},
  title = 	 {EBW to Harold Ross},
  titleaddon = 	 {memorandum},
  xref = 	 *\hyperlink{\getrefbykeydefault%
{white:total}{anchor}{}}{\{\colorbox{Gainsboro}{white:total}\}}*,
  pages = 	 273,
  origdate = 	 {1946-05-02}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=white:russ]
*\adlnbackref{Letter}{white:russ}*,
  author = 	 {White, E.~B.},
  title = 	 {EBW to B.~Russell},
  xref =  *\hyperlink{\getrefbykeydefault%
{white:total}{anchor}{}}{\{\colorbox{Gainsboro}{white:total}\}}*,
  pages = 	 283,
  origdate = 	 {1946-09-02}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=white:total]
*\adlnbackref{Book}{white:total}*,
  title = 	 {{Letters of E.~B. White}},
  year = 	 1976,
  author = 	 {White, E.~B.},
  editor = 	 {Guth, Dorothy Lobrano},
  publisher = {Harper \&\ Row},
  location =  {New York}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=BibTeX,label=wikiped:bibtex]
*\adlnbackref{InReference}{wikiped:bibtex}*,
  title = 	 {Wikipedia},
  lista =        {BibTeX},
  userd = 	 {last edited},
  entrysubtype = {online},
  url = 	 {http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki /BibTeX},
  urldate = 	 {2019-11-15T20:59:00}
}
\end{lstlisting}
\end{document}
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